Writing

Notes from the delivery side of frontier tech

Occasional writing on blockchain, AI, and fintech — from the perspective of someone who has to actually ship it.

A consortium of Stripe, Advent and Block pooling into PayPal's 440 million accounts — the front door — with the Braintree processing business pencilled out
12 min read

Who Owns the Payment Rails · Part 3

Half-Right, Again: Stripe Just Bid $53 Billion for PayPal

One day after I published a post arguing Stripe couldn't own the payment rail, a Stripe-led consortium reportedly bid $53 billion for PayPal. On the surface, that's my thesis in flames — the walled garden, back and bigger. Read the structure of the bid, though, and it concedes the argument more thoroughly than the headline contradicts it. Updated 21 July: the board has formally rejected the offer and is pushing toward $70.

PaymentsStablecoinsStripePayPalStrategyFintech
Payment rails splitting three ways — a stablecoin, the card networks, and the banks — with the banks' final settlement looping back to the legacy rails
7 min read

Who Owns the Payment Rails · Part 2

SWIFT 'Went Crypto', But Not How You Thought

The headlines said SWIFT went crypto and XRP's moment had finally arrived. The fine print says something smaller, quieter, and frankly smarter: a pilot, tokenised bank deposits rather than stablecoins, and a ledger that settles nothing on-chain — yet. Here's what SWIFT actually shipped, and why it's the most strategically sound move on the board.

PaymentsStablecoinsBlockchainBankingFintech
An open padlock with payment rails flowing out to a dollar coin, Visa and Mastercard — the ownership Stripe couldn't lock
7 min read

Who Owns the Payment Rails · Part 1

I Thought Stripe Would Own Payments. I Was Half-Right.

Eighteen months of Stripe acquisitions and its own payments blockchain convinced me it was building a walled garden to own the rail outright. Then Open USD launched as a shared, multi-chain standard — and the reason why runs straight through Visa and Mastercard.

PaymentsStablecoinsStripeStrategyFintech
Reserve-revenue model: traditional stablecoin issuers keep the yield; Open USD shares it with partners
7 min read

Agentic Payments · Part 3 of 3

Open USD: The Settlement Layer Just Picked a Side

Four weeks after I argued stablecoins were quietly becoming the agent-native settlement rail, 140+ of the biggest names in payments launched a shared one. Here's what Open USD actually is, why its economics are the real story, and what it changes for anyone building agentic payments.

AIAgentic PaymentsStablecoinsPaymentsBlockchain
The agentic payments failure surface: the intersection of LLM failures and payment failures
11 min read

Agentic Payments · Part 2 of 3

Agentic Payments: How to Build Them Without Breaking Them

Ten ways AI agents with spending authority fail in production — prompt injection, decimal errors, hallucinated recipients — and the six patterns good teams build around them.

AIAgentic PaymentsSecurityLLMsBlockchain
The three-layer agentic payments stack: protocol, network and settlement
8 min read

Agentic Payments · Part 1 of 3

Agentic Payments: Build Now, or Wait?

AI agents are starting to spend real money. Here's where the agentic payments stack actually stood in mid-2026, where it was heading, and how I'd decide whether to build for it now or wait for the dust to settle.

AIAgentic PaymentsBlockchainStablecoinsStrategy
Glamsterdam — Ethereum's next protocol upgrade, featuring ePBS (EIP-7732) and BALs (EIP-7928)
8 min read

Glamsterdam: what's next for Ethereum

Glamsterdam is the biggest structural change to Ethereum since the Merge — enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation, Block-Level Access Lists, and a protocol-layer fix for the MEV and censorship problem I've been watching for years.

EthereumL2 RollupsMEVProtocol UpgradesStaking
Pectra — Ethereum's May 2025 staking upgrade, featuring EIP-7251 (MaxEB) and EIP-7002 (execution-layer exits)
5 min read

Watching Pectra Go Live

The night Ethereum's biggest staking upgrade activated, I was on a livestream with the Pier Two team watching the first transactions land in a tool we'd built for it. Here's what Pectra changed, and the offboarding trick our testing uncovered.

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